- 基料油Saliida aasaasiga ah
一般基料油由几种液态油和固脂组成。具备特定的熔点和SFC.
Saliida saldhiga guud waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhowr saliid dareere ah iyo dufan adag. Waxay leedahay meel dhalaalaysa oo gaar ah iyo SFC.
基料油以β"结晶习性的话,比较适合作为基料油。牛油、24℃棕榈液油是β"结晶习性52度棕榈油在适合条件下会以β"结晶
Saliida saldhiga leh β 'crystal caado ayaa aad ugu habboon sida saliidda saldhigga. Subagga iyo 24℃ saliidda timirta waxay leeyihiin β 'crystallization caado, iyo 52 ℃ saliid timireed crystallize β' hoos xaaladaha ku habboon.
基料油选择还会考虑成本因素和供应稳定性因素。
Xulashada saliidda saldhigga waxay sidoo kale tixgelinaysaa qiimaha iyo xasilloonida saadka.
- 乳化剂Ewakiilka musqulaha
众所周知油、水是不相溶的,而我们的人造奶油是由油和水为主要原料生产的,二者之所以能很好的结合则是乳化剂的乳化作用所致。乳化剂还可以增强烘培产品的功能性。加入面中后具备调节粘性、发泡、增强口感、乳化油脂、延缓结晶等左右。
Sida la wada ogsoon yahay saliidda iyo biyuhu waa kuwo aan milmi karin, margarine-keenana waxa laga soo saaraa saliid iyo biyo oo ah alaabta ugu muhiimsan ee ceeriinka ah, sababta ay labadaas si fiican isugu dari karaan waxaa sabab u ah maadadda emulsifying. Emulsifiers sidoo kale waxay kor u qaadi kartaa shaqeynta alaabta la dubay. Waxay hagaajin kartaa viscosity, xumbo, kor u dhadhanka, emulsify saliid, dib u dhigi crystallization iyo wixii la mid ah.
常用的乳化剂有以下几种:
Emulsifiers inta badan la isticmaalo waa sida soo socota:
单、双甘油脂肪酸酯(单硬脂酸甘油酯)C-10
Mono-diglycerides (glycerides monostearate) C-10
单甘酯是目前应用最广泛的乳化剂,是由甘油和油脂反应制得。产品有粉状、颗粒状或糊状,熔点:65-70 ℃。按其纯度可分为蒸馏单甘酯(纯度40-50%)和未蒸馏单甘酯(纯度90%以上)。不溶于水,可溶于油脂(80℃以上)。贮存时注意密封保存。
Monoglycerides waa emulsifiers-ka ugu badan ee la isticmaalo waxaana lagu diyaariyaa falcelinta glycerol iyo saliid. Alaabtu waa budo, granular ama koollada, barta dhalaalka: 65-70 ℃. Marka loo eego nadiifnimadeeda, waxa loo qaybin karaa monoglycerides distilled (nadiif 40-50%) iyo monoglycerides aan la nadiifin (nadiifin ka badan 90%). Aan biyo ku milmin, saliid lagu milmi karo (ka sarreeya 80 ℃). U fiirso kaydinta daboolka.
卵磷脂 Lecithin.
大豆磷脂是大豆水化脱胶的副产品不溶于水,有较好的油溶性及乳化性,是良好的天然乳化剂。卵磷脂添加到人造奶油或起酥油中可增强稳定性,增加食品风味,还可防止烹调时溅油,贮存时应遮光、密封。
Fosfolipid soybean waa wax-soo-saarka fuuq-baxa soybean-ka iyo soo-saarista, aan lagu milmi karin biyaha, oo leh milmi saliid wanaagsan iyo emulsification, waa emulsifier dabiici ah oo wanaagsan. Lecithin waxaa lagu daraa margarin ama gaabin si kor loogu qaado xasilloonida, dhadhanka, iyo ka hortagga qulqulka saliidda xilliga karinta. Kaydinta waa in la hadh oo la xidhaa.
格林斯顿PS201 Greinston PS201
含有高饱和的单甘脂,由植物油制备。优62℃.
mono saturated high - glycerin, oo laga diyaariyey saliidda cuntada. Faa'iidada ayaa ah in laga hortago kala-soocidda saliidda ee alaabta. Barta dhalaalka: 62℃.
- 抗氧化剂 Aantioxidant
氧化是导致人造奶油、起酥油品质劣化的重要因素防止氧化,除了考虑选用原料、加工方法、包装及贮存条件外,还可添加一些安全性高、效果显著的抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂的效果与油脂的种类、精炼程度、FFA的含量、铜铁离子、水分、光线、接触空气及温度有关。
Oxidation-ku waa arrin muhiim ah oo horseedaysa xumeynta tayada margarin iyo soo gaabin. Si looga hortago oksaydhka, qaar ka mid ah antioxidants oo leh badbaado sare iyo saameyn cajiib ah ayaa lagu dari karaa marka lagu daro xulashada alaabta ceeriin, hababka wax soo saarka, baakadaha iyo xaaladaha kaydinta. Saamaynta antioxidant waxay la xiriirtaa nooca saliidda, heerka nadiifinta, maadada FFA, naxaasta iyo ion birta, qoyaanka, iftiinka, soo-gaadhista hawada iyo heerkulka. Antioxidants caadiga ah waa sida soo socota:
BHA(丁基羟基茴香醚)
白色或微黄色蜡状结晶粉末,有特异的酚类臭味和刺激性气味,熔点57-65℃不溶于水25℃油中溶解度30-40%,热稳定性好,弱碱下不易被破坏,可用与培烤食品,抗菌能力强。BHA和其它抗氧化剂混合使用,或与增效剂柠檬酸并用,抗氧化效果更好用。0.2g/Kg, 人造奶油中0.1g/Kg.
Cadan ama iftiin jaale ah budo crystalline, oo leh ur phenolic gaar ah iyo ur xanaaqa, barta dhalaalka 57-65 ℃, aan milmin biyaha, 25 ℃ milanka saliidda 30-40%, xasilloonida kulaylka wanaagsan, ma fududa in la burburiyo salka daciifka ah. lagu isticmaalo dubitaanka cuntada, awood bakteeriyada oo xooggan. BHA aad bay waxtar u leedahay marka lagu daro antioxidants kale ama citric acid, synergist. Qadarka ugu badan ee saliiddu waa 0.2g/Kg, qadarka ugu badan ee margarine waa 0.1g/kg.
BHT(丁二基羟基甲苯)
白色结晶或粉末,无味,无臭,熔点69.5-70.5 ℃,沸点265 ℃不溶于水25℃豆油中可溶30%、棉油中20%40℃猪油中40%,热稳定性好,具升华性,无BHA的异臭,价格低廉,毒性相对BHA高,抗氧化能力强.油脂中最大用量0.2g/Kg,人造奶油中0.1g/Kg,与BHA、柠檬酸合用以"BHT:BHA:柠檬酸=2:2:1”比例为佳.
TBHQ〔特丁基对苯二酚)
一种新型抗氧化剂,抗氧化效果比BHA,BHT好,最大特点Fe离子存在下不着色。TBHQ添加到油中不会产生异味或异臭,油溶性良好,熔点126.5-128.5 ℃,可单独使用,也可与BHT,BHA混用,油中最大添加量0.02%
crystal White ama budo, dhadhan la'aan, ur aan lahayn, dhibic dhalaalaysa 69.5-70.5 ℃, barta karkaraya 265 ℃, aan milmayn biyaha, milmay 30% in 25 ℃ Saliid soybean, 20% saliid suuf ah, 40% in 40 ℃ subagga subagga, heerkulka wanaagsan , sublimation, aan lahayn ur BHA, qiimo jaban, sunta sare marka loo eego BHA, awoodda antioxidant xoog leh. Qadarka ugu badan ee saliiddu waa 0.2g/Kg, qadarka ugu badan ee margarine waa 0.1g/kg. Saamiga BHT: BHA: citric acid = 2:2:1 waadoorasho wanaagsanmarka si wadajir ah loo isticmaalo BHA iyo citric acid.
增效剂-柠檬酸Synergist - citric acid
两种或两种以上抗氧化剂混合使用,或与增效剂并用,往往比单独一种使用效果显著,此种现象称为增效作用。在植物油中使用酚型抗氧化剂,若同时添加柠檬酸,其抗氧化效果将显著提高。一般认为柠檬酸能和促进氧化反应的微量金属离子(Cu2+,Fe3+)生成螯合物,从而对促进氧化的金属离子起钝化作用。1/4-1/2.
Isku-duubnidu waxay dhacdaa marka laba ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah antioxidants loo isticmaalo isku-darka ama isku-dhafka synergist, kaas oo inta badan ka waxtar badan midka antioxidant keligiis ah. Marka antioxidant phenolic loo isticmaalo saliidda khudradda, saameynteeda antioxidant si weyn ayaa loo kordhin doonaa haddii citric acid lagu daro. Waxaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay in citric acid ay sameyn karto chelates oo leh ion bir raad raac ah (Cu2+, Fe3+) kuwaas oo kor u qaada falcelinta oksaydhka, sidaas awgeed waxay u gudbisaa ion birta kor u qaada oksaydhka. Qiyaasta synergist guud ahaan waa 1/4-1/2 ee antioxidants phenolic.
- 防腐剂 Pkaydiyayaal
人造奶油中的水,尤其是水相中的一些物质(如乳清粉),特别容易引起微生物的繁殖和生长。防腐剂则是具有杀死微生物或抑制微生物繁殖的物质。
Biyaha ku jira margarin, gaar ahaan walxaha ku jira marxaladda aqueous (tusaale budada whey), waxay si gaar ah ugu nugul yihiin taranka microbial iyo koritaanka. Waxyaabaha ilaaliya waa maaddooyinka dila noolaha ama hor istaaga tarankooda.
盐 Salt
盐既是调味剂又是优良的防腐剂,盐的贮存要注意防止受污染和防潮。
milixdu maaha oo kaliya wakiilka dhadhanka laakiin sidoo kale waa ilaalin aad u fiican. milixda waa in la kaydiyaa si looga hortago wasakhda iyo qoyaanka.
山梨酸钾 Potassium sorbate
无色或白色鳞片状结晶或粉末,无臭或稍有臭味,在空气中不稳定,可被氧觖用。有吸湿性,易溶于水,对霉菌、酵母及好气性菌均有抑制作用。PH值5-6以下范围内使用。贮存时注意防潮、密封。
Kiristaalo qolof leh oo aan midab lahayn ama caddaan ah, aan ur lahayn ama wax yar urayaan, aan degganayn hawada, waxay noqon kartaa midab oksaydh ah, nuugista hymoisture, si fudud u milmi biyaha, caaryada, khamiirka iyo bakteeriyada gaaska wanaagsan waxay leeyihiin saameyn xannibaad ah, waa ilaalin acidic ah, oo ku habboon isticmaalka inta u dhaxaysa PH 5-6. Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo qoyaanka oo xir markaad kaydinayso.
脱氢乙酸钠:Sodium Dehydroacetate
对霉菌、酵母菌、细菌具有很好的抑制作用,广泛地应用与饮料、食品、饲料的加工业,延长其存放期,避免霉变损失。
Waxay leedahay saameyn wanaagsan oo ka hortag ah oo ku saabsan caaryada, khamiirka iyo bakteeriyada, waxaana si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa cabitaanka, cuntada iyo warshadaha quudinta si loo kordhiyo muddada kaydinta iyo ka fogaanshaha caarada.
- 色素 midab
β-胡萝卜素Beta-carotene
β-胡萝卜素为理想的天然色素,具价格低、有营养、色调稳定等优点。红紫色至暗红色的结晶粉末,稍有异臭,不溶于水和甘油,难溶于乙醇、丙酮,240℃在植物油中溶解度为0.05-0.10%.β-胡萝卜素对光和氧均不稳定,遇重金属离子(如Fe3+)颜色变浅。贮存时要置于阴凉处,并注意遮光、密闭。
Beta carotene waa midabka dabiiciga ah ee ugu fiican, oo leh qiimo jaban, nafaqo, xasilloonida midabka iyo faa'iidooyinka kale. guduudan oo casaan ah ilaa budada crystalline cas, wax yar heterosmelly, aan milmin biyaha iyo glycerin, aan milmin ethanol, acetone, 240 ℃ ee milanka saliidda cuntada 0.05-0.10%. β-carotene waa mid aan degganayn iftiinka iyo ogsijiinta labadaba waxayna iftiimisaa jawaabta ion birta culus sida Fe3+. Kaydinta waa in la dhigaa meel qabow, oo fiiro gaar ah u yeelo hadh, hawo-mareen.
柠檬黄 Liin Jaalle
橙黄色粉末,无臭,0.1%水溶液呈黄色,不溶于油脂,耐热性、耐酸性、耐盐性均好,耐氧性、耐碱性差,遇碱变红色。贮存注意事项同胭脂红。风味添加剂
• Budada jaalaha ah ee Orange, ur aan lahayn, 0.1% xal aqueous waa jaale, aan milmin saliidda, caabbinta kulaylka, caabbinta aashitada, caabbinta milixda ayaa wanaagsan, caabbinta oksijiinta liidata, caabbinta alkali, casaanka marka alkali. Ka taxadar kaydinta carmine. Dhadhanka lagu daro
- 风味添加剂 Dhadhanka lagu daro
香精 Edareen
食用香精是用各种安全性高的香料和稀释剂等调和而成,可分为油溶性和水溶性两大类。大多以澄清、透明液存在,但以精炼植物油为稀释剂的油溶性香精低温时会出现冷凝现象。所有香精都有一定的挥发性,贮存时要注意置于阴凉处(10-30℃为宜),并注意防晒、防潮、防火。香精启封后,不宜继续贮存,最好尽量用完。
热敏挥发性物料,使用时注意投入时间,并要注意使其在物料中均匀分布。
Dhadhannada la cuni karo waxaa lagu daraa noocyo kala duwan oo dhadhan badbaado leh iyo khafiifiyayaal, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karo qaybo saliid-milmi leh iyo kuwo biyo-milmi leh. Intooda badani waxay ku jiraan dareere cad oo hufan, laakiin nuxurka saliidda leh ee saliidda cuntada ee la safeeyey sida dareeraha ayaa isku ururin doona heerkul hoose. Dhammaan dhadhanka waxay leeyihiin isbeddel gaar ah, kaydinta waa inay fiiro gaar ah u yeelataa in la dhigo hooska (10-30 ℃ waa ku habboon tahay), oo fiiro gaar ah u leh muraayadda qorraxda, qoyaan-caddaynta, ka hortagga dabka. Dhadhanka aan la xidhin, waa inaanu sii wadin kaydintawanaagsanisticmaal.
Qalabka kuleylka kuleylka leh, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo isticmaalka waqtiga, oo fiiro gaar ah u yeelo si aad si siman ugu qaybiso walxaha.
乳脂/炼乳 Caano baruur/caano la shiiday
为了增加人造奶油的营养和风味而添加。低温、阴凉、干燥处存放。
Lagu daray si loogu daro nafaqo iyo dhadhan margarin. Ku kaydi heerkul hooseeya, meel qabow oo qalalan
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-26-2021